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Two cases of actinomycosis involving the rectosigmoid area are presented with previous research papers. Judging by the very few cases reported in medical literature, actinomycosis of the colon is rare. The fact that a correct diagnosis was not made preoperatively or during life, in many of the cases reported, justifies special consideration. The first case, 42 year old a housewife, has the colon study with barium enema, that reveals neoplasm-like picture, and correct differential diagnosis between inflammatory process and tumor is impossible, even in operative findings. The second case is also 37 year old female. She had 3 times abortion history. The cases had lower abdominal pain, mild tender-ness, and palpable mass. The barium study of the second case revealed rather long segmental narrowing with irregular spasms along the rectosigmoid area (fig. 2), that suggests inflammatory process rather than neoplasm. But endoscopy revealed mass in all cases. Two cases have ovary, ovarian ducts involvements by actinomycosis in one side. The mucosa of resected colo-rectum were rather intact. Markedly widened retro-rectal space was noted in two cases in barium study. The actinomyces is fortunately sensitive to penicillin. Two cases became welPneing after colostomy repair and with penicillin.
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